How does the flexible film heater work？

The flexible film heater works based on the principle of resistance heating. It utilizes a high-resistance material (such as chromium-aluminum alloy) as the heating layer. When electricity is applied, electrons flow through the material, causing collisions that generate energy release. This energy is then converted into heat, resulting in the warming of the entire heating layer.

Additionally, the flexible film heater generates infrared radiation during resistance heating. These infrared rays can penetrate the air and directly heat the object, enhancing the heating efficiency. Furthermore, the surface of the heating layer of the flexible film heater has a certain roughness, which increases the contact area with the air, promoting convective heat transfer and achieving more uniform heating.

In summary, the flexible film heater converts electrical energy into thermal energy through resistance heating, combined with infrared radiation and convective heat transfer, to provide efficient and uniform heating.

The flexible film heater functions primarily through the principle of resistance heating. At the core of its design is a thin layer of a resistive material, commonly a chromium-nickel alloy or a similar composite, which exhibits high electrical resistivity. This resistive layer is sandwiched between two layers of conductive metal foil, typically copper or aluminum, to provide electrical connections.

When an electrical current is passed through the resistive layer, electrons flow through the material. As the electrons traverse the resistive layer, they encounter resistance, causing collisions with the material's atoms. These collisions result in the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy, known as Joule heating. The heat generated is then distributed evenly throughout the resistive layer due to its thin and uniform construction.

In addition to the resistive heating mechanism, the flexible film heater also utilizes infrared radiation to enhance its heating efficiency. As the resistive layer heats up, it emits infrared rays, which have the ability to penetrate the air and directly heat objects in their path. This allows the flexible film heater to heat not only the surface it's in contact with, but also objects located some distance away.

The surface of the resistive layer in the flexible film heater is often designed with a certain degree of roughness. This roughness increases the surface area of the heater, effectively enhancing its ability to transfer heat through convection. As air molecules come into contact with the heated surface, they are warmed and begin to move, carrying the heat away from the heater and distributing it to the surrounding environment.

The combination of resistive heating, infrared radiation, and convective heat transfer allows the flexible film heater to provide efficient and uniform heating. Its thin and flexible design makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, including heating elements in wearable devices, medical instruments, automotive components, and various industrial processes. The flexibility and conformability of the heater enable it to adapt to curved or irregular surfaces, providing a more effective and tailored heating solution.